> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.kamino.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Deposit

> Deposit assets as collateral or liquidity

Deposit assets as collateral or supply liquidity into Kamino lending reserves. The SDK handles transaction building, instruction creation, and obligation management for deposit operations.

## Deposit for Lending

Supply liquidity to the reserve and earn interest.

> [tab] TypeScript
>
> **Step 1**
>
> ### Import Dependencies
>
> ```typescript theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> import {
>   createSolanaRpc,
>   createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,
>   address,
>   pipe,
>   createTransactionMessage,
>   setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
>   setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
>   appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
>   signTransactionMessageWithSigners,
>   assertIsTransactionWithinSizeLimit,
>   sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
>   getSignatureFromTransaction,
> } from '@solana/kit';
> import {
>   KaminoMarket,
>   KaminoAction,
>   VanillaObligation,
>   PROGRAM_ID,
>   getCurrentLedgerInstant,
>   getMedianSlotDurationInMsFromLastEpochs,
> } from '@kamino-finance/klend-sdk';
> import { parseKeypairFile } from '@kamino-finance/klend-sdk/dist/utils/signer.js';
> import BN from 'bn.js';
> ```
>
> **Step 2**
>
> ### Load Market and Initialize RPC
>
> ```typescript theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> const KEYPAIR_FILE = '/path/to/your/keypair.json';
> const signer = await parseKeypairFile(KEYPAIR_FILE);
>
> const rpc = createSolanaRpc('https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com');
> const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions('wss://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com');
> const marketPubkey = address('7u3HeHxYDLhnCoErrtycNokbQYbWGzLs6JSDqGAv5PfF'); // SOL/BTC Market
>
> const market = await KaminoMarket.load(rpc, marketPubkey, await getMedianSlotDurationInMsFromLastEpochs());
> ```
>
> **Step 3**
>
> ### Build Deposit Instructions
>
> Supply USDC to the reserve. The wallet receives the reserve's cTokens, which grow in value as borrowers pay interest.
>
> ```typescript theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> const usdcMint = address('EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v');
> const usdcReserve = market!.getExistingFloatRateReserveByMint(usdcMint);
>
> const depositAction = await KaminoAction.buildDepositReserveLiquidityTxns({
>   kaminoMarket: market!,
>   amount: new BN(1_000_000),
>   reserveAddress: usdcReserve.address,
>   owner: signer,
>   obligation: new VanillaObligation(PROGRAM_ID),
>   scopeRefreshConfig: undefined,
>   currentLedgerInstant: await getCurrentLedgerInstant(rpc),
> });
> ```
>
> > [!NOTE]
> >
> > This doesn't open a borrow position, so the `obligation` prop is required by the type but unused. A market can hold several reserves for the same token, so actions take a reserve address: `getExistingFloatRateReserveByMint` returns the variable-rate one. Redeem the cTokens with [Redeem cTokens](https://docs.kamino.com/build/tutorials/borrow/redeem-ctokens.md).
>
> **Step 4**
>
> ### Build the Transaction
>
> ```typescript theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash({ commitment: 'finalized' }).send();
>
> const transactionMessage = pipe(
>   createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
>   (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(signer, tx),
>   (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),
>   (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(KaminoAction.actionToIxs(depositAction), tx)
> );
> ```
>
> **Step 5**
>
> ### Sign and Send
>
> ```typescript theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> const signedTransaction = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);
> assertIsTransactionWithinSizeLimit(signedTransaction);
>
> await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(signedTransaction, {
>   commitment: 'confirmed',
>   skipPreflight: true,
> });
>
> console.log('Deposit successful! Signature:', getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction));
> ```
>
> > [!TIP]
> >
> > The deposit is complete. The USDC is supplied to the reserve and earning interest.

> [tab] Rust
>
> **Step 1**
>
> ### Add Dependencies
>
> ```toml theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> [dependencies]
> klend-interface = "0.6.0"
> solana-pubkey = "2.1"
> solana-instruction = "2.1"
> solana-sdk = "~2.3"
> solana-client = "~2.3"
> spl-token = "7"
> spl-associated-token-account = "6"
> ```
>
> > [!NOTE]
> >
> > `klend-interface` is a lightweight Rust instruction builder that creates `Vec<Instruction>` with required refresh instructions prepended automatically.
>
> **Step 2**
>
> ### Set Up RPC Client
>
> ```rust theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
> use solana_sdk::signer::keypair::read_keypair_file;
> use solana_sdk::signer::Signer;
>
> let rpc_client = RpcClient::new("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com");
> let signer = read_keypair_file("/path/to/your/keypair.json")
>     .expect("Failed to read keypair file");
> let owner = signer.pubkey();
> ```
>
> **Step 3**
>
> ### Fetch Reserve Data
>
> Fetch the reserve account from the chain and construct `ReserveInfo` from its raw bytes.
>
> ```rust theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> use klend_interface::helpers;
> use klend_interface::ReserveInfo;
> use klend_interface::pda;
> use klend_interface::KLEND_PROGRAM_ID;
> use solana_pubkey::Pubkey;
> use std::str::FromStr;
>
> let reserve_pubkey = Pubkey::from_str("D6q6wuQSrifJKZYpR1M8R4YawnLDtDsMmWM1NbBmgJ59").unwrap();
>
> let reserve_data = rpc_client.get_account(&reserve_pubkey)?;
> let reserve = ReserveInfo::from_account_data(reserve_pubkey, &reserve_data.data)?;
> ```
>
> > [!NOTE]
> >
> > Use `ReserveInfo::from_account_data(pubkey, &data)` to construct reserve info from raw RPC account bytes.
>
> **Step 4**
>
> ### Derive Token Accounts
>
> Derive the user's associated token accounts for the liquidity mint and collateral mint.
>
> ```rust theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> use spl_associated_token_account::get_associated_token_address;
>
> // User's ATA for the deposit token (e.g. USDC)
> let user_source_liquidity = get_associated_token_address(&owner, &reserve.liquidity_mint);
>
> // Derive the collateral mint PDA, then the user's ATA for it
> let (collateral_mint, _) = pda::reserve_collateral_mint(&KLEND_PROGRAM_ID, &reserve_pubkey);
> let user_destination_collateral = get_associated_token_address(&owner, &collateral_mint);
> ```
>
> **Step 5**
>
> ### Build Instructions
>
> ```rust theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> let instructions = helpers::deposit::deposit(
>     owner,
>     &reserve,
>     user_source_liquidity,       // user's USDC token account
>     user_destination_collateral, // user's cToken account
>     1_000_000,                   // 1 USDC (6 decimals)
> );
> // Returns: [refresh_reserve, deposit_reserve_liquidity]
> ```
>
> **Step 6**
>
> ### Build and Send Transaction
>
> ```rust theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> use solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction;
> use solana_sdk::message::Message;
>
> let message = Message::new(&instructions, Some(&owner));
> let recent_blockhash = rpc_client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
> let tx = Transaction::new(&[&signer], message, recent_blockhash);
> let signature = rpc_client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;
> println!("Deposit successful! Signature: {signature}");
> ```
>
> [View Code](https://github.com/Kamino-Finance/klend/blob/master/libs/klend-interface/examples/deposit_lending.rs)

## Deposit for Borrowing

Deposit USDC as collateral to borrow other assets.

> [tab] TypeScript
>
> **Step 1**
>
> ### Import Dependencies
>
> ```typescript theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> import {
>   createSolanaRpc,
>   createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,
>   address,
>   pipe,
>   createTransactionMessage,
>   setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
>   setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
>   appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
>   signTransactionMessageWithSigners,
>   assertIsTransactionWithinSizeLimit,
>   sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
>   getSignatureFromTransaction,
> } from '@solana/kit';
> import {
>   KaminoMarket,
>   KaminoAction,
>   VanillaObligation,
>   PROGRAM_ID,
>   getCurrentLedgerInstant,
>   getMedianSlotDurationInMsFromLastEpochs,
> } from '@kamino-finance/klend-sdk';
> import { parseKeypairFile } from '@kamino-finance/klend-sdk/dist/utils/signer.js';
> import BN from 'bn.js';
> ```
>
> **Step 2**
>
> ### Load Market and Initialize RPC
>
> ```typescript theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> const KEYPAIR_FILE = '/path/to/your/keypair.json';
> const signer = await parseKeypairFile(KEYPAIR_FILE);
>
> const rpc = createSolanaRpc('https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com');
> const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions('wss://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com');
> const marketPubkey = address('7u3HeHxYDLhnCoErrtycNokbQYbWGzLs6JSDqGAv5PfF'); // SOL/BTC Market
>
> const market = await KaminoMarket.load(rpc, marketPubkey, await getMedianSlotDurationInMsFromLastEpochs());
> ```
>
> **Step 3**
>
> ### Build Deposit Instructions
>
> Deposit USDC as collateral into the wallet's borrow position.
>
> ```typescript theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> const usdcMint = address('EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v');
> const usdcReserve = market!.getExistingFloatRateReserveByMint(usdcMint);
>
> const depositAction = await KaminoAction.buildDepositTxns({
>   kaminoMarket: market!,
>   amount: new BN(3_000_000),
>   reserveAddress: usdcReserve.address,
>   owner: signer,
>   obligation: new VanillaObligation(PROGRAM_ID),
>   useV2Ixs: true,
>   scopeRefreshConfig: undefined,
>   initUserMetadata: { skipInitialization: false, skipLutCreation: true },
>   currentLedgerInstant: await getCurrentLedgerInstant(rpc),
> });
> ```
>
> > [!NOTE]
> >
> > A first deposit also creates the wallet's user metadata and obligation accounts. `skipLutCreation: true` keeps that setup in the same transaction. Without it, the SDK also creates a user lookup table, which only activates a slot later, and the deposit fails with `0x17a3`.
>
> **Step 4**
>
> ### Build the Transaction
>
> ```typescript theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash({ commitment: 'finalized' }).send();
>
> const transactionMessage = pipe(
>   createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
>   (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(signer, tx),
>   (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),
>   (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions(KaminoAction.actionToIxs(depositAction), tx)
> );
> ```
>
> **Step 5**
>
> ### Sign and Send
>
> ```typescript theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> const signedTransaction = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage);
> assertIsTransactionWithinSizeLimit(signedTransaction);
>
> await sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions })(signedTransaction, {
>   commitment: 'confirmed',
>   skipPreflight: true,
> });
>
> console.log('Deposit successful! Signature:', getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction));
> ```
>
> > [!TIP]
> >
> > The deposit is complete. The collateral is now deposited and can be used for borrowing other assets.

> [tab] Rust
>
> **Step 1**
>
> ### Add Dependencies
>
> ```toml theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> [dependencies]
> klend-interface = "0.6.0"
> solana-pubkey = "2.1"
> solana-instruction = "2.1"
> solana-sdk = "~2.3"
> solana-client = "~2.3"
> spl-token = "7"
> spl-associated-token-account = "6"
> ```
>
> > [!NOTE]
> >
> > `klend-interface` is a lightweight Rust instruction builder that creates `Vec<Instruction>` with required refresh instructions prepended automatically.
>
> **Step 2**
>
> ### Set Up RPC Client
>
> ```rust theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
> use solana_sdk::signer::keypair::read_keypair_file;
> use solana_sdk::signer::Signer;
>
> let rpc_client = RpcClient::new("https://api.mainnet-beta.solana.com");
> let signer = read_keypair_file("/path/to/your/keypair.json")
>     .expect("Failed to read keypair file");
> let owner = signer.pubkey();
> ```
>
> **Step 3**
>
> ### Build Obligation Context
>
> Derive the obligation PDA, fetch its account data along with all associated reserves, and build an `ObligationContext`.
>
> ```rust theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> use klend_interface::ObligationContext;
> use klend_interface::pda;
> use klend_interface::KLEND_PROGRAM_ID;
> use solana_pubkey::Pubkey;
> use std::str::FromStr;
>
> let lending_market = Pubkey::from_str("7u3HeHxYDLhnCoErrtycNokbQYbWGzLs6JSDqGAv5PfF").unwrap();
> let reserve_pubkey = Pubkey::from_str("D6q6wuQSrifJKZYpR1M8R4YawnLDtDsMmWM1NbBmgJ59").unwrap();
>
> // Derive the obligation PDA
> let (obligation_pubkey, _) = pda::obligation(
>     &KLEND_PROGRAM_ID, 0, 0, &owner, &lending_market,
>     &Pubkey::default(), &Pubkey::default(),
> );
>
> // Fetch the obligation account
> let obligation_data = rpc_client.get_account(&obligation_pubkey)?;
>
> // Discover which reserves the obligation references
> let reserve_addrs = ObligationContext::reserve_addresses_for_obligation(&obligation_data.data)?;
>
> // Fetch all reserve accounts in one RPC call
> let reserve_accounts = rpc_client.get_multiple_accounts(&reserve_addrs)?;
>
> // Build the context
> let reserves: Vec<(Pubkey, &[u8])> = reserve_addrs.iter()
>     .zip(reserve_accounts.iter())
>     .filter_map(|(addr, acc)| acc.as_ref().map(|a| (*addr, a.data.as_slice())))
>     .collect();
> let ctx = ObligationContext::from_account_data(
>     obligation_pubkey, &obligation_data.data, &reserves
> )?;
> ```
>
> > [!NOTE]
> >
> > `ObligationContext` is the recommended approach for obligation-based operations. It fetches the obligation and its associated reserves, then provides convenient `.deposit()`, `.borrow()`, `.repay()`, and `.withdraw()` methods.
>
> **Step 4**
>
> ### Derive Token Accounts
>
> ```rust theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> use spl_associated_token_account::get_associated_token_address;
>
> // User's ATA for the deposit token (e.g. USDC)
> let liquidity_mint = Pubkey::from_str("EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v").unwrap();
> let user_source_liquidity = get_associated_token_address(&owner, &liquidity_mint);
> ```
>
> **Step 5**
>
> ### Build Instructions
>
> ```rust theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> let instructions = ctx.deposit(
>     owner,
>     &reserve_pubkey,
>     user_source_liquidity,
>     3_000_000, // 3 USDC (6 decimals)
> )?;
> // Returns: [refresh_reserves..., refresh_obligation, deposit_and_collateral_v2]
> ```
>
> **Step 6**
>
> ### Build and Send Transaction
>
> ```rust theme={"theme":"css-variables"}
> use solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction;
> use solana_sdk::message::Message;
>
> let message = Message::new(&instructions, Some(&owner));
> let recent_blockhash = rpc_client.get_latest_blockhash()?;
> let tx = Transaction::new(&[&signer], message, recent_blockhash);
> let signature = rpc_client.send_and_confirm_transaction(&tx)?;
> println!("Deposit successful! Signature: {signature}");
> ```
>
> > [!TIP]
> >
> > The deposit is complete. Your collateral has been supplied and your borrow position is open.
>
> [View Code](https://github.com/Kamino-Finance/klend/blob/master/libs/klend-interface/examples/deposit_borrowing.rs)


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